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The German Alphabet
Your German alphabet ABC with its special letters and letter combinations
German and English are both West Germanic languages and their alphabets share a common root.
This should be welcome information for anyone learning German!
Although they both have the same 26 standard cardinal letters, German has a
few extra characters, as well as standard German letter combinations.
This short guide includes all the alphabet basics, plus the fun of the German spelling alphabet. You'd be amazed how often you need it in everyday German-speaking life!
Article content:
Impatient to see them all?
Here's a German pangram* for you, courtesy of the free international software community KDE:
“Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg”
Meaning: "Wrong practising of xylophone music bothers every larger dwarf." Which of course you'll find extremely useful!
(*words or sentences containing every letter of the alphabet at least once)
The German alphabet: 26 letters
| A | AH | N | ENN |
| B | BAY | O | OH |
| C | TSAY | P | PEH |
| D | DAY | Q | KOO |
| E | AY | R | ERR |
| F | EFF | S | ESS |
| G | GAY | T | TAY |
| H | HAH | U | OO |
| I | EEH | V | FOW |
| J | YOT | W | VAY |
| K | KAH | X | ICKS |
| L | ELL | Y | IPSEELON |
| M | EMM | Z | TSET |
Disclosure: As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. There is no extra charge to you. I only link to products & services I think are good, or helpful to anyone interested in German translation!
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German letter combinations
There are several standard German consonant combinations, each with their own, consistent German pronunciation.
| Letter combination | Pronunciation |
|---|---|
| Ei | EYE |
| Eu | OY! |
| Sch | SCH |
| Sp | Schpuh |
| St | Scht |
| Ch | CHUH |
| Au | OW |
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Click here to join the Heinrich family: learn German & explore German culture with this great video series.
The consonant combination that German doesn't have, however, is TH.
Which is why you hear so many German speakers fighting to pronounce TH correctly in English!
When you see a German word starting with TH, simply ignore the H:
e.g. Thema ("subject") - is pronounced TAY-MA, and Theater ("theatre/theater") - TAY-ARTER
Generally, far fewer German words begin with TH than English words.
TIP! Want to hear how a German word is pronounced? Use the free online German English dictionary Linguee. Enter the word, and then click on the megaphone icon immediately presented to its right to hear the audio recording.
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ß – The "Eszett"
German has an additional character, the ß, called the “Eszett” or “sharp S”.
(See it there on the QWERTZ keyboard? Conveniently positioned just above the umlauts...)
The Eszett ( "s-z") is simply a double “s”, and is pronounced “Ess”.
Note:
- There is no capitalized form of ß, instead SS is used.
- The ß is not found in Swiss German – only the ss is used.
You'll probably come across the "ß" most frequently in German addresses:
e.g. Lindenstraße = Linden Street
One of the points on my German translation checklist is always check if it includes addresses, and if so, to change the ß to ss. It's a small thing, but shows that the translator has been paying attention and is considering the target audience.
When you live in a German-speaking environment for so long, there's a real danger that the "foreign" things become so familiar that you don't notice them anymore - and that's when you start missing bits out in your translations....!
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Umlauts
German also has 3 additional characters – ä,ö and ü, called umlauts.
These represent the shifting sounds « ae », « oe » and « ue ».
They are not regarded as separate letters of the German alphabet. (More on umlauts here)
An umlaut in action: "Bitte lächeln" = please smile!
Pronounced "laecheln".
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The German spelling alphabet
When speaking German you’ll soon realise how important it is to be
able to "spell out" words and letter combinations in normal
conversation,
E.g. "Ich fahre ein FOW-VAY Golf" ("I drive a VW Golf")
When speaking German on the phone, it’s also common to spell out words - especially names - which might otherwise be misunderstood.
Use the
German version of the international radiotelephony spelling alphabet (Buchstabiertafel or Funkalphabet) as follows :
- "Mein Name ist Joanna".
- "Könnten Sie das bitte buchstabieren ?"
- "Gerne. Julius-Otto-Anton-Nordpol-Nordpol-Anton."
| Letter | ENGLISH | GERMAN | A: Austria CH: Switzerland |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Alpha | Anton | .... |
| B | Bravo | Berta | .... |
| C | Charlie | Cäsar | .... |
| D | Delta | Dora | CH: Daniel |
| E | Echo | Emil | .... |
| F | Foxtrot | Friedrich | .... |
| G | Golf | Gustav | .... |
| H | Hotel | Heinrich | .... |
| I | India | Ida | .... |
| J | Juliet | Julius | CH: Jakob |
| K | Kilo | Kaufmann | A: Konrad |
| L | Lima | Ludwig | CH: Leopold |
| M | Mike | Martha | CH: Marie |
| Letter | ENGLISH | GERMAN | A: Austria CH: Switzerland |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | November | Nordpol | CH: Niklaus |
| O | Oscar | Otto | .... |
| P | Papa | Paula | CH: Peter |
| Q | Quebec | Quelle | CH: Quasi |
| R | Romeo | Richard | CH: Rosie |
| S | Sierra | Siegfried | CH: Sophie |
| T | Tango | Theodor | .... |
| U | Uniform | Ulrich | .... |
| V | Victor | Victor | .... |
| W | Whiskey | Wilhelm | .... |
| X | X-ray | Xanthippe | A:Xaver |
| Y | Yankee | Ypsilon | .... |
| Z | Zulu | Zürich | (or Zeppelin) |
And don’t forget the umlaut and letter combination sounds (although I have to admit that I've never actually heard them used in practice!):
| Letter | GERMAN (Germany) | Variations (A: Austria, CH: Switzerland) |
|---|---|---|
| Ä | Ärger | CH: Äsch |
| Ö | Ökonom | A: Österreich, CH: Örlikon |
| Ü | Übermut | A:Übel |
| Sch | Schule | ….. |
| ß | Eszett | Scharfes s |
Want to practice spelling out the German alphabet?
Dora-Anton-Nordpol-Konrad-Emil-Friedrich-Übermut-Richard-Siegfried-Ludwig-Emil-Siegfried-Emil-Nordpol.
Have fun!
Joanna
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Translation Challenges
German language & translation challenges: there's more than just terminology to think about...
Joanna Scudamore-Trezek
I'm a German to English translator living and working in Vienna, Austria. I turn German texts into clear and accessible English, allowing clients to present their stories, ideas and information to a completely new audience. My business and marketing clients rely on me to get their message across clearly and effectively. How can I help you today?
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Click here to join the Heinrich family: learn German & explore German culture with this great video series.
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